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Lettres (hébreu) (voir la source)

Version du 5 février 2008 à 18:10

15 225 octets ajoutés ,  5 février 2008
→‎Alphabet hébreu
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* [[Aleph]] - א
{|align="center" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em;border:1px solid #8888AA;border-collapse:collapse;background:white;font-size:105%;line-height:1.2"
* [[Beth]] - ב
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
* [[Daleth]] - ג
!colspan="5"| Lettre de base
* [[Guimel]] - ד
!colspan="4"| Lettre modifiée
* [[Hé]] - ה
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
* [[Vav]] - ו
!rowspan="2"| Nom
* [[Zayin]] - ז
!rowspan="2"| Sens
* [[Heth]] - ח
!colspan="2"| Graphies<ref name="graphie">Chaque caractère est représenté deux fois, la deuxième fois (à gauche) avec une police ''Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype''.</ref>
* [[Teth]] - ט
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Phonèmes<ref name="API">Transcription phonologique selon l’[[alphabet phonétique international]], selon l’hébreu moderne standard ; ces phonologies peuvent toutefois varier avec certaines variétés de l’hébreu (notamment sépharades, tibériennes ou yéménites) ou dans d’autres langues (comme le yiddish).</ref>
* [[Yod]] - י
!rowspan="2"| Variantes
* [[Kaph]] - כ
!colspan="2"| Graphies<ref name="graphie"/>
* [[Lamed]] - ל
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
* [[Mem]] - מ
! finale
* [[Nun]] - נ
! normale
* [[Samekh]] - ס
! finale
* [[Ayin]] - ע
! normale
* [[Pé]] - פ
|-
* [[Tsadé]] - צ
|rowspan="2"| [[Aleph (lettre)|aleph]]<ref name="large">Cette lettre de base possède également une variante glyphique élargie, permettant de positionner davantage de diacritiques.</ref>
* [[Qoph]] - ק
|rowspan="2"| bœuf
* [[Resh]] - ר
|rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| א <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">א</span>
* [[Shin]] - ש
|rowspan="2" align="center"| /{{CAPI|ʔ}}/
* [[Tav]] - ת
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|ʔ}}/
|align="center"| ''mapiq''<ref name="mapiq">La prononciation peut varier légèrement selon la présence ou l’absence du ''mapiq'', un point similaire au ''[[daguesh]]'' mais placé entre les jambes de la lettre.</ref>
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| אּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">אּ</span>
|-
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|ʔ}}{{CAPI|l}}/
|align="center"| ligature<ref name="ligature">Cette forme alternative est une [[Ligature (typographie)|ligature]] à caractère orthographique.</ref> ''aleph-lamed''
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ﭏ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ﭏ</span>
|-
| [[Beth (lettre)|beth]] <small>''ou''</small> bèt
| maison
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ב <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ב</span>
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|b}}/
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|v}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' doux<ref name="daguesh">La prononciation varie selon la présence ou l’absence du ''[[daguesh]]'', un point placé au milieu de la lettre. Le dagesh doux mute généralement une consonne.</ref>
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| בּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">בּ</span>
|-
| [[Gimel (lettre)|gimel]] <small>''ou''</small> guimel <small>''ou''</small> ghimel
| chameau
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ג <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ג</span>
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|g}}/
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|ɣ}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' doux<ref name="daguesh" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| גּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">גּ</span>
|-
| [[Dalet (lettre)|dalet]] <small>''ou''</small> dalèt <small>''ou''</small> daleth<ref name="large" />
| porte
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ד <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ד</span>
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|d}}/
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|ð}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' doux<ref name="daguesh" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| דּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">דּ</span>
|-
| [[He (lettre)|he]] <small>''ou''</small> hè<ref name="large" />
| louange
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ה <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ה</span>
|align="center" colspan="2"| /{{CAPI|h}}/
|align="center"| ''mapiq''<ref name="mapiq" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| הּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">הּ</span>
|-
|rowspan="3"| [[Vav (lettre)|vav]] <small>''ou''</small> waw
|rowspan="3"| clou
|rowspan="3" align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ו <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ו</span>
|rowspan="3" align="center"| /{{CAPI|v}}/
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|u}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' doux<ref name="daguesh" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| וּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">וּ</span>
|-
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|v}}{{CAPI|w}}/
|align="center"| ligature<ref name="ligature" /> double-''waw''<ref name="yiddish">Utilisée en [[yiddish]].</ref>
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| װ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">װ</span>
|-
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|v}}{{CAPI|j}}/
|align="center"| ligature<ref name="ligature"/> ''waw-yod''<ref name="yiddish" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ױ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ױ</span>
|-
| [[Zayin (lettre)|zayin]] <small>''ou''</small> zaïn
| arme
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ז <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ז</span>
|align="center" colspan="2"| /{{CAPI|z}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' dur<ref name="daguesh1">La prononciation peut varier selon la présence ou l’absence du ''[[daguesh]]''. Le ''daguesh'' dur [[Gémination|gémine]] généralement une consonne guturale mais peut parfois être transcrit aussi par le doublement de la consonne de base.</ref>
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| זּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">זּ</span>
|-
| [[Het (lettre)|het]] <small>''ou''</small> 'hèt
| barrière
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ח <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ח</span>
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|χ}}/
|align="center" colspan="4"| &nbsp;
|-
| [[Tet (lettre)|tet]] <small>''ou''</small> tèt
| bouclier
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ט <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ט</span>
|align="center" colspan="2"| /{{CAPI|t}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' dur<ref name="daguesh1" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| טּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">טּ</span>
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[Yod (lettre)|yod]] <small>''ou''</small> youd <small>
|rowspan="2"| main
|rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| י <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">י</span>
|rowspan="2" align="center"| /{{CAPI|j}}/
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|j}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' dur<ref name="daguesh1" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| יּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">יּ</span>
|-
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|j}}{{CAPI|i}}/
|align="center"| ligature<ref name="ligature"/> double-''yod''<ref name="yiddish" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ײ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ײ</span>
|-
| [[Kaf (lettre)|kaf]] <small>''ou''</small> khaf <small>''ou''</small> kaph<ref name="large" />
| paume
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ך <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ך</span>
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| כ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">כ</span>
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|k}}/
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|χ}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' doux<ref name="daguesh" />
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ךּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ךּ</span>
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| כּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">כּ</span>
|-
| [[Lamed (lettre)|lamed]] <small>''ou''</small> lamèd<ref name="large" />
| bâton
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ל <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ל</span>
|align="center" colspan="2"| /{{CAPI|l}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' dur<ref name="daguesh1" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| לּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">לּ</span>
|-
| [[Mem (lettre)|mem]] <small>''ou''</small> mèm<ref name="large" />
| eaux
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ם <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ם</span>
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| מ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">מ</span>
|align="center" colspan="2"| /{{CAPI|m}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' dur<ref name="daguesh1" />
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| &nbsp; <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">&nbsp;</span>
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| מּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">מּ</span>
|-
| [[Nun (lettre)|nun]] <small>''ou''</small> noun
| serpent
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ן <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ן</span>
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| נ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">נ</span>
|align="center" colspan="2"| /{{CAPI|n}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' dur<ref name="daguesh1" />
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| &nbsp; <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">&nbsp;</span>
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| נּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">נּ</span>
|-
| [[Samech (lettre)|samech]] <small>''ou''</small> samèkh
| appui
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ס <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ס</span>
|align="center" colspan="2"| /{{CAPI|s}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' dur<ref name="daguesh1" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| סּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">סּ</span>
|-
| [[Ayin (lettre)|ayin]] <small>''ou''</small> aïn
| œil
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ע <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ע</span>
|align="center" colspan="2"| /{{CAPI|ħ}}/
|align="center"| alternative<ref name="alternative">La prononciation peut légèrement varier et être marquée par la forme alternative de la lettre.</ref>
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ﬠ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ﬠ</span>
|-
| [[Pe (lettre)|pe]] <small>''ou''</small> pé
| bouche
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ף <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ף</span>
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| פ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">פ</span>
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|p}}/
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|f}}/ <small>''ou''</small> /{{CAPI|ɸ}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' doux<ref name="daguesh" />
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ףּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ףּ</span>
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| פּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">פּ</span>
|-
| [[Tsade (lettre)|tsade]] <small>''ou''</small> tsadé
| hameçon
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ץ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ץ</span>
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| צ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">צ</span>
|align="center" colspan="2"| /{{CAPI|ʦ}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' dur<ref name="daguesh1" />
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| &nbsp; <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">&nbsp;</span>
|align="center" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| צּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">צּ</span>
|-
| [[Qof (lettre)|qof]] <small>''ou''</small> qoph
| nuque
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ק <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ק</span>
|align="center" colspan="2"| /{{CAPI|k}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' dur<ref name="daguesh1" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| קּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">קּ</span>
|-
| [[Resh (lettre)|resh]] <small>''ou''</small> rèch<ref name="large" />
| tête
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ר <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ר</span>
|align="center" colspan="2"| /{{CAPI|ʁ}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' dur<ref name="daguesh1" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| רּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">רּ</span>
|-
|rowspan="3"| [[Shin (lettre)|shin]] <small>''ou''</small> chine<ref name="shin">La prononciation varie selon que le point diacritique placé au dessus, normalement nécessaire, est placé sur la branche gauche (point ''shin'') ou droite (point ''sin'') de la lettre.</ref>
|rowspan="3"| dent
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ש <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ש</span>
|align="center" colspan="2"| /{{CAPI|ʃ}}/ <small>''ou''</small> /{{CAPI|s}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' dur<ref name="daguesh1" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| שּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">שּ</span>
|-
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| שׁ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">שׁ</span>
|align="center" colspan="2"| /{{CAPI|ʃ}}/
|align="center"| point ''shin''<ref name="shin" />, ''daguesh'' dur<ref name="daguesh1" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| שּׁ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">שּׁ</span>
|-
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| שׂ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">שׂ</span>
|align="center" colspan="2"| /{{CAPI|s}}/
|align="center"|  point ''sin''<ref name="shin" />, ''daguesh'' dur<ref name="daguesh1" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| שּׂ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">שּׂ</span>
|-
| [[Tav (lettre)|tav]]<ref name="large" />
| croix
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| ת <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">ת</span>
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|t}}/
|align="center"| /{{CAPI|θ}}/ <small>''ou''</small> /{{CAPI|s}}/
|align="center"| ''daguesh'' doux<ref name="daguesh" />
|align="center" colspan="2" dir="rtl" style="font-size:150%"| תּ <span style="font-family:Times new Roman,David,Palatino Linotype">תּ</span>
|}


== Voir aussi ==
== Voir aussi ==
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