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« Pancha-Siddhantika » : différence entre les versions

Pancha-Siddhantika (voir la source)

Version du 7 avril 2008 à 20:39

90 octets enlevés ,  7 avril 2008
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The table of contents in this text are:
The table of contents in this text are:


  1. The Motions of the Planets
1. The Motions of the Planets
  2. The Places of the Planets
2. The Places of the Planets
  3. Direction, Place and Time
3. Direction, Place and Time
  4. The Moon and Eclipses
4. The Moon and Eclipses
  5. The Sun and Eclipses
5. The Sun and Eclipses
  6. The Projection of Eclipses
6. The Projection of Eclipses
  7. Planetary Conjunctions
7. Planetary Conjunctions
  8. Of the Stars
8. Of the Stars
  9. Risings and Settings
9. Risings and Settings
  10. The Moon's Risings and Settings
10. The Moon's Risings and Settings
  11. Certain Malignant Aspects of the Sun and Moon
11. Certain Malignant Aspects of the Sun and Moon
  12. Cosmogony, Geography, and Dimensions of the Creation
12. Cosmogony, Geography, and Dimensions of the Creation
  13. The Gnomon
13. The Gnomon
  14. The Movement of the Heavens and Human Activity
14. The Movement of the Heavens and Human Activity


Methods for accurately calculating the shadow cast by a gnomon are discussed in both Chapters 3 and 13.
Methods for accurately calculating the shadow cast by a gnomon are discussed in both Chapters 3 and 13.
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The astronomical time cycles contained in the text were remarkably accurate at the time. The Hindu Time Cycles , copied from an earlier work, are described in verses 11–23 of Chapter 1:
The astronomical time cycles contained in the text were remarkably accurate at the time. The Hindu Time Cycles , copied from an earlier work, are described in verses 11–23 of Chapter 1:


    11. That which begins with respirations (prana) is called real.... Six respirations make a vinadi, sixty of these a nadi;
11. That which begins with respirations (prana) is called real.... Six respirations make a vinadi, sixty of these a nadi;
    12. And sixty nadis make a sidereal day and night. Of thirty of these sidereal days is composed a month; a civil (savana) month consists of as many sunrises;
12. And sixty nadis make a sidereal day and night. Of thirty of these sidereal days is composed a month; a civil (savana) month consists of as many sunrises;
    13. A lunar month, of as many lunar days (tithi); a solar (saura) month is determined by the entrance of the sun into a sign of the zodiac; twelve months make a year. This is called a day of the gods.
13. A lunar month, of as many lunar days (tithi); a solar (saura) month is determined by the entrance of the sun into a sign of the zodiac; twelve months make a year. This is called a day of the gods.
    14. The day and night of the gods and of the demons are mutually opposed to one another. Six times sixty of them are a year of the gods, and likewise of the demons.
14. The day and night of the gods and of the demons are mutually opposed to one another. Six times sixty of them are a year of the gods, and likewise of the demons.
    15. Twelve thousand of these divine years are denominated a caturyuga; of ten thousand times four hundred and thirty-two solar years
15. Twelve thousand of these divine years are denominated a caturyuga; of ten thousand times four hundred and thirty-two solar years
    16. Is composed that caturyuga, with its dawn and twilight. The difference of the krtayuga and the other yugas, as measured by the difference in the number of the feet of Virtue in each, is as follows:
16. Is composed that caturyuga, with its dawn and twilight. The difference of the krtayuga and the other yugas, as measured by the difference in the number of the feet of Virtue in each, is as follows:
    17. The tenth part of a caturyuga, multiplied successively by four, three, two, and one, gives the length of the krta and the other yugas: the sixth part of each belongs to its dawn and twilight.
17. The tenth part of a caturyuga, multiplied successively by four, three, two, and one, gives the length of the krta and the other yugas: the sixth part of each belongs to its dawn and twilight.
    18. One and seventy caturyugas make a manu; at its end is a twilight which has the number of years of a krtayuga, and which is a deluge.
18. One and seventy caturyugas make a manu; at its end is a twilight which has the number of years of a krtayuga, and which is a deluge.
    19. In a kalpa are reckoned fourteen manus with their respective twilights; at the commencement of the kalpa is a fifteenth dawn, having the length of a krtayuga.
19. In a kalpa are reckoned fourteen manus with their respective twilights; at the commencement of the kalpa is a fifteenth dawn, having the length of a krtayuga.
    20. The kalpa, thus composed of a thousand caturyugas, and which brings about the destruction of all that exists, is a day of Brahma; his night is of the same length.
20. The kalpa, thus composed of a thousand caturyugas, and which brings about the destruction of all that exists, is a day of Brahma; his night is of the same length.
    21. His extreme age is a hundred, according to this valuation of a day and a night. The half of his life is past; of the remainder, this is the first kalpa.
21. His extreme age is a hundred, according to this valuation of a day and a night. The half of his life is past; of the remainder, this is the first kalpa.
    22. And of this kalpa, six manus are past, with their respective twilights; and of the Manu son of Vivasvant, twenty-seven caturyugas are past;
22. And of this kalpa, six manus are past, with their respective twilights; and of the Manu son of Vivasvant, twenty-seven caturyugas are past;
    23. Of the present, the twenty-eighth, caturyuga, this krtayuga is past....
23. Of the present, the twenty-eighth, caturyuga, this krtayuga is past....


When computed, this astronomical time cycle would give the following results:
When computed, this astronomical time cycle would give the following results:
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The actual astronomical value stated for the sidereal year however, is not as accurate. The length of the sidereal year is stated to be 365.258756 days, which is longer than the modern value by 3 minutes 27 seconds. This is due to the text using a different method for actual astronomical computation, rather than the Hindu cosmological time cycles copied from an earlier text, probably because the author didn't understand how to compute the complex time cycles. The author instead employed a mean motion for the Sun and a constant of precession inferior to that used in the Hindu cosmological time cycles.
The actual astronomical value stated for the sidereal year however, is not as accurate. The length of the sidereal year is stated to be 365.258756 days, which is longer than the modern value by 3 minutes 27 seconds. This is due to the text using a different method for actual astronomical computation, rather than the Hindu cosmological time cycles copied from an earlier text, probably because the author didn't understand how to compute the complex time cycles. The author instead employed a mean motion for the Sun and a constant of precession inferior to that used in the Hindu cosmological time cycles.


== Romaka Siddhanta ==
== Romaka Siddhanta ==
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